Effects of rootstocks on fruit yield and quality, antioxidant capacity, and total phenol content of almond cultivars ‘Ferragnes’ and ‘Ferraduel’

Dorukhan ÇANTAL; Deniz EROGUL; María del Carmen MARTÍNEZ BALLESTA

doi:10.15835/nbha53314458

Authors

Dorukhan ÇANTAL University of Ege, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Bornova, 35100, İzmir (TR)
Deniz EROGUL University of Ege, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Bornova, 35100, İzmir (TR)
María del Carmen MARTÍNEZ BALLESTA Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Departament of Agronomic Engineering, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, 30203 Cartagena (ES) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4372-5525

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha53314458

Keywords:

almond variety, fatty acid, kernel quality , Prunus dulcis , yield efficiency

Abstract

Almond is a temperate fruit tree whose yield and quality are strongly influenced by rootstocks. This study evaluated pomological traits, yield, antioxidant capacity, total phenol content, and fatty acid composition of the cultivars ‘Ferragnes’ and ‘Ferraduel’ grafted onto Garnem, GF-677, and seedling rootstocks over two years. The assessed pomological traits included shelled fruit and kernel weight, fruit dimensions, and kernel ratio. Palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids were identified as the major fatty acids. Antioxidant activity and total phenol content ranged from 4.80 to 9.50 μmol TE g⁻¹ fresh weight (FW) and from 56.21 to 133.14 mg GAE 100 g⁻¹ FW, respectively, with seedling rootstocks showing higher values than Garnem and GF-677. Average shelled fruit and kernel weights were highest in the seedling/‘Ferraduel’ combination (7.43 g and 1.63 g, respectively) and lowest in Garnem/‘Ferragnes’ (4.71 g and 1.53 g, respectively). In this study, both seedling and GF-677 rootstocks led to higher shell and kernel weights than Garnem in both varieties. Compared to Garnem and GF-677 rootstocks, the Ferraduel and Ferragnes grafted onto seedling rootstock produced the lowest yield. Although Garnem rootstock produced the highest yield, GF-677 resulted in higher shelled and kernel weights and better fruit dimensions. Overall, GF-677 rootstock was identified as the most suitable option for the cultivation of both ‘Ferragnes’ and ‘Ferraduel’, as it combined high yield with favourable pomological characteristics.

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