Enhancement of bud dormancy release and development, leaf nutrition, flower and fruit quality of kiwifruit cv. ‘Hayward’ induced by BUD 14 biostimulant
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha52314101Keywords:
biostimulant, bud development, flower-fruit quality, foliar sprays, kiwifruit, leaf nutritionAbstract
The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of a foliar fertilization program, consisted of the BUD 14 nitrogen-calcium commercial formulation (N: 14% w/w, CaO: 5.5% w/w) as a biostimulant, on bud development percentage, flowering rate, classification of flowers into open, closed and triple, flower and pollen quality traits, fruit quality attributes, and leaf nutritional status of the ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit cultivar. The study was realized during a two-year experimental period in Naoussa, Central Macedonia, Greece. The results showed that BUD 14 induced synchronization in bud development relative to different vegetative stages including initiation of bud expansion, appearance of leaf apices covered by hair and deployment of 2-8 leaves and increased the flowering rate of open flowers. Pedicel length, ovary fresh weight, and dry weight, dry matter and length in female flowers as well as maximum pollen grain diameter and area in polar view in male flowers were significantly enhanced in the BUD 14 treatment. Fruit quality characteristics like average weight and dry mass were significantly augmented, and a 1.5-fold and 2-fold increase was recorded in canes length and number of kiwifruits per cane. In addition, leaf nutrient Ca and Mg concentrations were significantly enhanced, compared to the control. The efficacy of BUD 14 as a more target-oriented and environmentally friendly alternative method of supplying plants with smaller and controlled amounts of nutrients for breaking bud dormancy and improving their development was demonstrated, enhancing flower and fruit quality, leaf nutrition, kiwifruit developmental characteristics, and finally the total production per fruit per tree.
References
Antunes MDC, Neves N, Curado S, Rudrigues F, Franco J, Panagopoulos T (2007). The effects of calcium applications on kiwifruit quality preservation during storage. Acta Horticulturae 753:727-732. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.753.95
Babita S, Rana, V (2015). Effect of manual fruit thinning and CPPU on the fruit yield and changes in physico-chemical composition at harvest and after storage of Allison kiwifruit. International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 6:781-786. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-4038.2015.00119.0
Bhupenchandra I, Chongtham SK, Devi EL, Ramesh R, Choudhary AK, Salam MD, … Khaba CI (2022). Role of biostimulants in mitigating the effects of climate change on crop performance. Frontiers in Plant Science 13:967665. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.967665
Chiaregato CG, França D, Messa L, Santos Pereira T, Faez R (2022). A review of advances over 20 years on polysaccharide-based polymers applied as enhanced efficiency fertilizers. Carbohydrate Polymers 279:119014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.119014
Chapman HD, Pratt PF (1961). Methods of analysis for soils, plants and waters. University of California Division of Agricultural Sciences, Riverside, USA, pp 309. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1963.03615995002700010004x
Chatzistathis T, Papaioannou A (2019). Correlations between soil exchangeable Ca2+, Mg2+ K+ and foliar nutrient concentrations in mature biological olive groves (Olea europaea L., cv. ‘Chondrolia Chalkidikis’). Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 50:492-501. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2019.1573251
Colla G, Rouphael Y, Canaguier R, Svecova E, Cardarelli M (2014). Biostimulant action of a plant-derived protein hydrolysate produced through enzymatic hydrolysis. Frontiers in Plant Science 5:448. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2014.00448
Costa G, Vizzotto G, Lain O (1995). Fruiting performance of kiwifruit cv. Hayward affected by use of hydrogen cyanamide. Acta Horticulturae 444:473-478. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1999.498.16
Cruz-Castillo J, Woolley D, Lawes G (2002). Kiwifruit size and CPPU response are influenced by the time of anthesis. Scientia Horticulturae 95:23-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4238(01)00384-3
Cruz-Castillo JG, Woolley DJ (2006). Pedicel weight and length do not affect kiwifruit size. European Journal of Horticultural Science 71:272-276. https://www.pubhort.org/ejhs/2006/173712.htm
Di Tommaso G, Piaggesi A, Mills R (2011). Bud break: Safe and efficient method of overcoming winter dormancy – New Zealand experiences with 'HORT16A' and 'HAYWARD' kiwifruit. Acta Horticulturae 913:275-282. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2011.913.35
du Jardin P (2012). The science of plant biostimulants − A bibliographic analysis. Technical report, Ad. Hoc. study on bio-stimulants products 30-CE0455515/00-96. University of Liège, Liège, Belgium. https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/169257/1/Plant_Biostimulants_final_report_bio_2012_en.pdf
Ferguson AR (2011). Kiwifruit: Evolution of a crop. Acta Horticulturae 913:31-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2011.913.1
Fernández V, Eichert T (2009). Uptake of hydrophilic solutes through plant leaves: Current state of knowledge and perspectives of foliar fertilization. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 28:36-68. https://doi.org/10.1080/07352680902743069
FAO (2004). Retrived 2024 September 23 from: http://www.fao.org
FAOSTAT (2024). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Crops and Livestock Products. Retrieved 2024 September 23 from https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL/visualize
Fornes F, Sanchez-Perales M, Guardiola JL (2005). Effect of a seaweed extract on citrus fruit maturation. Acta Horticulturae 379:200-220. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1995.379.6
ELSTAT (2018). Hellenic Statistical Authority. Greek kiwi production: 3rd place in the world. Retrieved 2024 September 23 from: https://ambrosiamagazine.com/greek-kiwi-fruit-production-to-reach-3rd-place-in-world-ranking/
Gai W, Liu C, Yang M, Li F, Xin H, Gai S (2024). Calcium signaling facilitates chilling- and GA-induced dormancy release in tree peony. Frontiers in Plant Science 15:1362804. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1362804
Gerasopoulos D, Chouliaras V, Lionakis S (1996). Effects of preharvest calcium chloride sprays on maturity and storability of Hayward kiwifruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology 7:65-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-5214(95)00018-6
Guedon Y, Bhartelemy D, Caraglio Y, Costes E (2001). Pattern analysis in branching and axillary flowering sequences. Journal of Theoretical Biology 212:481-520. https://doi.org/10.1006/jtbi.2001.2392
Gurbuz IB, Ozkan G, Er S (2024). Exploring kiwi fruit producers’ climate change perceptions. Applied Fruit Science 66:475-483. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-023-01021-4
Hansen TH, De Bang TC, Laursen KH, Pedas P, Husted S, Schjoerring JK (2013). Multielement plant tissue analysis using ICP spectrometry. In: Maathuis F (Ed). Plant mineral nutrients. Methods in molecular biology (Methods and protocols). Volume 953. Humana Press, Totowa, New Jersey, USA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-152-3_8
Huang W, Chen M, Zhao T, Han F, Zhang Q, Liu X, Jiang C, Zhong C (2020). Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of polygalacturonase gene family in kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) during fruit softening. Plants 9:327. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9030327
Jardin P (2015). Plant biostimulants: Definition, concept, main categories and regulation. Scientia Horticulturae 196:3-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2015.09.021
Jesion I, Leontowicz M, Leontowicz H, Gralak M, Park YS, Grinstein S (2013). The influence of Hayward kiwi fruit (Actinidia deliciosa) from organic and conventional cultivations on the content of some trace elements in the rat kidneys and assessment of copper, manganese and zinc bioavailability. Environmental Protection and Natural Resources 24:51-54. https://doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2013-0044
Kerch G (2015). Chitosan films and coatings prevent losses of fresh fruit nutritional quality: A review. Trends in Food Science & Technology 46:159-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2015.10.010
Khachi B, Sharma SD, Vikas G, Kumar P, Mir M (2015). Study on comparative efficacy of bio-organic nutrients on plant growth, leaf nutrient contents and fruit quality attributes of kiwi fruit. Journal of Applied and Natural Science 7:175-181. https://doi.org/10.31018/JANS.V7I1.584
Khan AS, Ahmad B, Jaskani MJ, Ahmad R, Malik AU (2012). Foliar application of mixture of amino acids and seaweed (Ascophylum nodosum) extract improve growth and physico-chemical properties of grapes. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 14:383-388. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:83955816
Koukouryannis VC (1990). Kiwifruit cultivation in Greece. Acta Horticulturae 282:53-56.
https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1990.282.4
Koutinas N, Sotiropoulos T, Petridis A, Almaliotis D, Deligeorgis E, Therios I, Voulgarakis N (2010). Effects of pre-harvest calcium foliar sprays on several fruit quality attributes and nutritional status of the kiwifruit cultivar ‘Tsechelidis’. HortScience 45:984987. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.45.6.984
Kukuryiannis V, Vasilakakis M (1997). Kiwifruit production and research in Greece. Acta Horticulturae 444:43-48. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1997.444.3
Lai R, Woolley DJ, Lawes GS (1990). The effect of inter-fruit competition, type of fruiting lateral and time of anthesis on the fruit growth of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa). Journal of Horticultural Sciences 65:87-96. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221589.1990.11516034
Latocha P, Debersaques F, Hale I (2021). Actinidia arguta (Kiwiberry): Botany, production, genetics, nutritional value, and postharvest handling. In: Warrington I (Ed). Horticultural reviews. Volume 48. John Wiley & Sons (1st edn.), Inc., pp 37-151. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119750802.ch2
Liu Z, Guo Q, Feng Z, Liu Z, Li H, Sun Y, Liu C, Lai H (2020). Long-term organic fertilization improves the productivity of kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis Planch.) through increasing rhizosphere microbial diversity and network complexity. Applied Soil Ecology 147:103426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2019.103426
Mahmood K, Carew JG, Hadley P, Battey NH (2000). The effect of chilling and post-chilling temperatures on growth and flowering of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 75:598-601. https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2000.11511292
Malhi GS, Kaur M, Kaushik P (2021). Impact of climate change on agriculture and its mitigation strategies: A review. Sustainability 13:1318. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031318
Marques L, Mello-Farias P, Fernandes R, Martins C, Konzen L, Malgarim M (2021). Alternative budburst inducers for kiwifruit vines grown in an organic system. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 43:1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-29452021313
Mcpherson HG, Hall AJ, Stanley C (1994). Seasonal and regional variation in bud break and flowering of kiwifruit vines in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science 22:263-276. https://doi.org/10.1080/01140671.1994.9513835
Mcpherson HG, Richardson AC, Snelgar WP, Patterson KJ, Currie MJ (2001). Flower quality and fruit size in kiwifruit. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science 29:93-101. https://doi.org/10.1080/01140671.2001.9514167
Ogidi E, Okore IK, Julio Dike C, Ogidi E, Okore IK, Dike J (2018). Correlation analysis of nutrient soil–plant content and bud take success in Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg. in acidic soil of south eastern Nigeria. Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences 6:116-123. https://doi.org/10.18006/2018.6(1).116.123
Otero V, Barreal ME, Merino A, Gallego PP (2007). Calcium fertilization in a kiwifruit orchard. Acta Horticulturae 753:515-520. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.753.67
Ough CS, Amerine MA (1988). Methods analysis of musts and wines. John Wiley and Sons (3rd edn), New York, USA pp 400.
Page AL, Miller RH, Keeney DR (1982). Methods of soil analysis: Part 2 Chemical and microbiological properties, Series: Agronomy monograph 9. In: Bingham FT (Ed). Chapter 25: Boron. American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, USA pp 431-447. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr9.2
Pang X, Halaly T, Crane O, Keilin T, Keren-Keiserman A, Ogrodovitch A, Galbraith DE (2007). Involvement of calcium signalling in dormancy release of grape buds. Journal of Experimental Botany 58:3249-3262. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erm172
Parajuli R, Thoma G, Matlock MD (2019). Environmental sustainability of fruit and vegetable production supply chains in the face of climate change: A review. Science of the Total Environment 650:2863-2879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.03.210
Park YS, Ham KS, Kang SG, Park YK, Namiesnik J, Leontowicz H, … Gorinstein S (2012). Organic and conventional kiwifruit, myths versus reality: Antioxidant, antiproliferative, and health effects. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 60:6984-6993. https://doi.org/10.1021/ JF3010614
Park YS, Im MH, Ham KS, Kang SG, Park YK, Namiesnik J, … Gorinstein S (2013). Nutritional and pharmaceutical properties of bioactive compounds in organic and conventional growing kiwifruit. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 681:57-64. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11130-013-0339-Z
Patterson K, Snelgar W, Richardson A, Mcpherson H (1999). Flower quality and fruit size of Hayward kiwifruit. Acta Horticulturae 498:143-150. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1999.498.16
Peuke AD (2010). Correlations in concentrations, xylem and phloem flows, and partitioning of elements and ions in intact plants. A summary and statistical re-evaluation of modelling experiments in Ricinus communis. Journal of Experimental Botany 61:635-655. https://doi.org/10.1093/JXB/ERP352
Pichakum A, Chaiwimol W, Meetam M, Songnuan W (2018). Responses of green kiwifruit grown in low-chill area to hydrogen cyanamide application. Acta Horticulturae 1206:97-104. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2018.1206.14
Rana VS, Rana NS (2003). Studies on fruit growth and organic metabolites in developing kiwifruit. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology 8:138-140. https://www.indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=ijor:ijpp&volume=8&issue=2&article=007&type=pdf
Rana VS, Sharma V, Sharma S, Rana N, Kumar V, Sharma U, … Gudeta K (2023). Seaweed extract as a biostimulant agent to enhance the fruit growth, yield, and quality of kiwifruit. Horticulturae 9:432. https://doi.org/10.3390/ horticulturae9040432
Salinero MC, Vela P, Sainz M (2009). Phenological growth stages of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa ’Hayward’). Scientia Horticulturae 121:27-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2009.01.013
Schotsmans WC, Mawson AJ, MacKay B (2007). Comparison of destructive and non-destructive (NIR) dry matter determination for HORT16A (ZESPRI™ GOLD) kiwifruit. Acta Horticulturae 753:283-288. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.753.35
Scudellari D (1998). Effect of nitrogen and calcium fertilization on yield and quality of kiwi fruit fruits [Emilia Romagna]. Rivista di frutticoltura e di ortofloricoltura 59:61-69.
Shahid MA, Liu G (2022). Application of biostimulants to improve tomato yield in Florida. Vegetable Research 2:6. https://doi.org/10.48130/VR-2022-0006
Sharma S, Rana VS, Kumari M, Mishra P (2018). Biofertilizers: Boon for fruit production. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 7:3244-3247. https://www.phytojournal.com/archives/2018/vol7issue5/PartBC/7-5-320-104.pdf
Soppelsa S, Kelserer M, Casera C, Bassi M, Robatscher P, Andreotti C (2018). Use of biostimulants for organic apple production: Effects on tree growth, yield and fruit quality at harvest and during storage. Frontiers in Plant Science 9:1342. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01342
Sotiropoulos T, Koukourikou-Petridou M, Petridis A (2009). ‘Tsechelidis’ Kiwifruit. Hortscience 44(2):466-468. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.44.2.466
Sotiropoulos T, Therios I, Voulgarakis N (2010). Effect of various foliar sprays on some fruit quality attributes and leaf nutritional status of the peach cultivar ‘Andross’. Journal of Plant Nutrition 33:471-484. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904160903506225
Sotiropoulos T, Voulgarakis A, Karaiskos D, Chatzistathis T, Manthos I, Dichala O, Mpountla A (2021). Foliar calcium fertilizers impact on several fruit quality characteristics and leaf and fruit nutritional status of the ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit cultivar. Agronomy 11:235. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020235
Sotiropoulos T, Manthos I, Chatzistathis T, Kountis N, Dichala O, Tsoktouridis G (2023). Effect of organic calcium uptake and biostimulants during integrated nutrient management (INM) cultivation of kiwifruit cv. ‘Hayward’. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 51:13109. https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha51213109
Tripathi D, Singh V, Chauhan D, Prasad S, Dubey N (2014). Role of macronutrients in plant growth and acclimation: Recent advances and future prospective. In: Ahmad P, Wani M, Azooz M, Phan Tran LS (Eds). Improvement of crops in the era of climatic changes. Springer, New York, USA pp 197-216. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8824- 8_8
Vajari MA, Eshghi S, Fatahi Moghadam J (2018). Late-season foliar application of mineral compounds effects on postharvest quality of Hayward kiwifruit. Scientia Horticulturae 232:95-107. https://doi.org/10.3233/JBR-170271
Vilhena NQ, Quiñones A, Rodríguez I, Gil R, Fernández-Serrano P, Salvador A (2002). Leaf and fruit nutrient concentration in Rojo Brillante persimmon grown under conventional and organic management, and its correlation with fruit quality parameters. Agronomy 12:237. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12020237
Wall C, Dozier W, Ebel RC, Wilkins B, Woods F, Foshee W (2008). Vegetative and floral chilling requirements of four new kiwi cultivars of Actinidia chinensis and A. deliciosa. HortScience 43:644-647. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.43.3.644
Worldostats (2024). World data and Statistics. Kiwi Fruit Production by Country 2024. Retrieved 2024 September 23 from https://worldostats.com/kiwi-fruit-production-by-country-2024/
Ward C, Courtney D (2013). Kiwifruit: Taking its place in the global fruit bowl. Advances in Food and Nutrition Research 68:1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-394294-4.00001-8
Weinbaum SA (1988). Foliar nutrition of fruit trees. In: Neumann PN (Ed.) Plant growth and leaf applied chemicals. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida pp 81-100.
Williams MH, Boyd LM, McNeilage MA, MacRae EA, Ferguson AR, Beatson RA, Martin PJ (2003). Development and commercialization of ‘Baby Kiwi’ Actinidia arguta Planch. Acta Horticulturae 610:8-16. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2003.610.8
Wolf B (2008). Improvement in the azomethine-H method for the determination of boron. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 5:39-44. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103627409366478
Yakhin OI, Lubyanov AA, Yakhin IA, Brown PH (2017). Biostimulants in plant science: A global perspective. Frontiers in Plant Science 7:2049. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls
Zhang X, Davidson E, Mauzerall D, Searchinger TD, Dumas P, Shen Y (2015). Managing nitrogen for sustainable development. Nature 528:51-59. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature15743
Zhang M, Sun D, Niu Z, Yan J, Zhou X, Kang X (2020). Effects of combined organic/inorganic fertilizer application on growth, photosynthetic characteristics, yield and fruit quality of Actinidia chinesis cv ‘Hongyang’. Global Ecology and Conservation 22:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e00997
Zhang X, Xu M, Sun N, Xiong W, Huang S, Wu L (2016). Modeling and predicting crop yield, soil carbon, and nitrogen stocks under climate change scenarios with fertilizer management in the North China Plain. Geoderma 265:176-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.11.027
Zhu X, Zhang H, Yan I (2011). Variation and interrelations among nutrient elements in wheat leaves used for forage. Journal of Plant Nutrition 34:1321-1329. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2011.580818
Downloads
Additional Files
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Thomas SOTIROPOULOS, Antonios VOULGARAKIS, Dimitrios TRIANTAFYLLOU, Ioannis MANTHOS, Maria DIMOU, Theocharis CHATZISTATHIS, Virginia SARROPOULOU, Areti BOUNTLA
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
License:
Open Access Journal:
The journal allows the author(s) to retain publishing rights without restriction. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author.