Jasmonic acid priming and foliar application of spermidine up-regulates the tolerance mechanisms to alleviate the damaging effects of cadmium stress on growth and photosynthesis in wheat

Authors

  • Khadiga ALHARBI Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O.Box 84428, Riyadh 11671 (SA)
  • Muhammad I. KHAN University of Agriculture Peshawar, Department of Weed Science & Botany (PK)
  • Suliman M.S. ALGHANEM Department of Biology, College of Science, Qassim University, Burydah, 52571 (SA)
  • Naheeda BEGUM Sun Yat-sen University, School of Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Shenzhen 518107 (CN)
  • Ayshah A. ALRASHIDI Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hail, Hail, 81411 (SA)
  • Abdullah ALAKLABI Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 551, Bisha 61922 (SA)
  • Ghalia S.H. ALNUSAIRI Department of Biology, College of science, Jouf University, Sakaka 2014 (SA)
  • Ibtisam M. ALSUDAYS Department of Biology, College of Science, Qassim University, Burydah, 52571 (SA)
  • Imtiaz KHAN University of Agriculture Peshawar, Department of Weed Science & Botany (PK)
  • Mona H. SOLIMAN Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613; Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-Sharm, Yanbu El-Bahr, Yanbu 46429 (SA)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha52313614

Keywords:

antioxidants, cadmium, glyoxylase, jasmonic acid priming, oxidative stress, spermidine, wheat

Abstract

The study examined the effects of jasmonic acid (100 nmol, JA) priming and foliar application of spermidine (1 mM, Spd), both individually and combined, on mitigating cadmium (100 µM, Cd) stress-induced oxidative damage in wheat. Cadmium stress reduced plant height and dry mass, but JA priming and/or Spd treatment increased resistance. Cd stress significantly decreased carotenoids, total chlorophylls, glutamate 1-semialdehyde (GSA), and δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), but JA and Spd treatments counteracted these reductions. Photosynthetic parameters improved under JA and Spd treatments, with combined treatment showing greater alleviation. Cd exposure increased lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide, electrolyte leakage, and superoxide, but these oxidative stress indicators were significantly reduced after JA and Spd treatment. Antioxidant enzyme activity was upregulated by JA priming and Spd application, both under unstressed and Cd-stressed conditions. JA and/or Spd treatments also increased ascorbic acid, lowered glutathione concentration, and upregulated glyoxylase activity, reducing methylglyoxal accumulation. Additionally, secondary compounds (phenols and flavonoids) and osmolytes (proline and glycine betaine) levels improved. Proline oxidase activity decreased, indicating controlled proline buildup, while γ-glutamyl kinase activity increased. JA and/or Spd treatments significantly reduced Cd accumulation in seedlings. The study concluded that JA and Spd treatments enhance the plant's defensive mechanisms against oxidative stress by boosting antioxidant enzymes and secondary metabolism.

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2024-08-20

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ALHARBI, K., KHAN, M. I., ALGHANEM, S. M., BEGUM, N., ALRASHIDI, A. A., ALAKLABI, A., ALNUSAIRI, G. S., ALSUDAYS, I. M., KHAN, I., & SOLIMAN, M. H. (2024). Jasmonic acid priming and foliar application of spermidine up-regulates the tolerance mechanisms to alleviate the damaging effects of cadmium stress on growth and photosynthesis in wheat. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 52(3), 13614. https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha52313614

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Vol. 52 No. 3 (2024)

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DOI: 10.15835/nbha52313614

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Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad I. KHAN, Khadiga ALHARBI, Suliman M. S. ALGHANEM, Naheeda BEGUM, Ayshah A. ALRASHIDI, Abdullah ALAKLABI, Ghalia S. H. ALNUSAIRI, Ibtisam M. ALSUDAYS, Imtiaz KHAN, Mona H. SOLIMAN

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