Evaluation of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and yield attributing traits of caffeine treated Trigonella corniculata L.:  A medicinally important herb

Neha NAAZ; Sana CHOUDHARY; Nidhi SHARMA; Nazarul HASAN; Najla A. AL SHAYE; Diaa ABD EL MONEIM

doi:10.15835/nbha53113451

Authors

Neha NAAZ Aligarh Muslim University, Department of Botany, Cytogenetics and Plant Breeding Laboratory, Aligarh (IN)
Sana CHOUDHARY Aligarh Muslim University, Department of Botany, Cytogenetics and Plant Breeding Laboratory, Aligarh (IN)
Nidhi SHARMA Aligarh Muslim University, Department of Botany, Cytogenetics and Plant Breeding Laboratory, Aligarh (IN)
Nazarul HASAN Aligarh Muslim University, Department of Botany, Cytogenetics and Plant Breeding Laboratory, Aligarh (IN)
Najla A. AL SHAYE Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Riyadh (SA)
Diaa ABD EL MONEIM Arish University, Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Production (Genetic Branch), El-Arish (EG)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha53113451

Keywords:

bioactive compounds, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), genetic diversity, medicinal plant, yield potential

Abstract

Trigonella corniculata L. (Kasuri methi), a medicinal plant from the Fabaceae family, with exceptional culinary value, nutritional importance, and therapeutic properties that offer valuable curative benefits. Mutation breeding is highly regarded by plant breeders as an effective method of enhancing crop productivity and achieving sustainable crop production. Genetic diversity serves as the foundation for plant breeding programs, compelling the introduction of mutations to enhance variability. This study employed caffeine treatment of five concentrations (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8% and 1.0%) on T. corniculata (var. ‘Pusa kasuri’) seeds, resulting in significant effect (p<0.05) on the morpho-physiological and quantitative parameters. Various statistical methods, including Pearson correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) unveiled correlations between plant characteristics. A strong positive correlation (0.99) emerged between clusters per plant and seed yield. Principal component analysis revealed that the first two out of twelve principal components contributed to 90% of the variation, indicating genotypic diversity. The correlation between clusters per plant, pods per cluster, and seed yield, as indicated by PCA and Pearson's correlation heatmap analysis, affirms high-yield potential. Methanolic extracts of T. corniculata were subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, revealing 17 major phytocompounds known for their pharmacological activities (antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, etc.). This study has the potential to pave the way for developing novel herbal remedies for various diseases using T. corniculata, potentially resulting in the formulation of new medications.

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