Nutritional standards through Integrated Differential Diagnosis (IDD) in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha51112988Keywords:
cation balance, cv. ‘Wonderful’, leaf analysis, leaf standards, mineral compositionAbstract
The foliar analysis is a useful tool to detect the nutritional status of plants, predict future problems in the reproductive cycles of fruit production and implement preventive and corrective measures to achieve a mineral balance in fruit trees, obtaining higher productivity. There is little information available on nutrient sufficiency ranges in pomegranate leaf and the literature reported differs due to diverse cultivation practices, cultivars, and agroecological conditions. Therefore, the objective of this work was to determine the mineral content of ‘Wonderful’ pomegranate leaves for each the nutritional elements and the cation balance, and to establish the nutritional standards using Integrated Differential Diagnosis (IDD). The mineral content of the pomegranate leaves was determined and based on the results, nutritional standards for macro elements, cation balance and microelements were generated through the IDD, which evaluate whether there are mineral and/or physiological imbalances. The macro elements in the cultivation of the pomegranate were the following: NO3 3747.5 µg g-1, Total Nitrogen 1.35%, P 0.14%, K 0.88%, Ca 1.65%, Mg 0.19%, Na 0.006%. For the cation balance, the optimal values were: (Ca+Mg)/K 4.48 mEq 100 g-1, Ca/(K+Mg) 2.13 mEq 100 g-1, Mg/(K+Ca) 0.16 mEq 100 g-1, Ca/Mg 5.06 mEq 100 g-1, K/Mg 1.36 mEq 100 g-1. Finally, the optimal values for the microelements were: Fe 59.5 µg g-1, Mn 31.4 µg g-1, Zn 6.3 µg g-1, Cu 6.1 µg g-1. The values obtained for the micro and macro elements were like those reported. In the case of cation balance and foliar nitrate content, they have not been previously reported. The IDD is a promising and effective auxiliary tool to characterize the nutritional status of pomegranate trees and, in turn, an alternative to conventional methods of nutritional diagnosis with the advantage of establishing a nutritional deficiency (soil-plant relationship) or a physiological imbalance (relation plant - climate) for this crop.
References
Bhargava BS, Chadha KL (1993). Leaf nutrient guides for fruit crops. In: Chadha KL, Parees OP (Eds). Advances in Horticulture (Fruit crops). II. Malhotra Publishing House, New Delhi, pp 973-1030.
Çam M, Hişil Y, Durmaz G (2009). Classification of eight pomegranate juices based on antioxidant capacity measured by four methods. Food Chemistry 112(3):721-726. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.06.009
Chater JM, Garner LC (2018). Foliar nutrient applications to ‘Wonderful’ pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). II. Effects on leaf nutrient status and fruit split, yield and size. Scientia Horticulturae 242:207-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.07.015
Chater JM, Garner LC (2019). Foliar nutrient applications to ‘Wonderful’ pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). I. Effects on fruit mineral nutrient concentrations and internal quality. Scientia Horticulturae 244:421-427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.04.022
Chater JM, Merhaut DJ, Preece JE (2019). Diagnosis and management of nutrient constraints in pomegranate. In: Fruit Crops: Diagnosis and Management of Nutrient Constraints. Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818732-6.00046-0
Davarpanah S, Aakari MA, Babalar M, Zarei M, Aghayeh RNM (2017). Effect of foliar application of phosphorus, potassium and iron on physical and chemical properties of pomegranate fruit effect of foliar application of phosphorus, potassium and iron on physical and chemical properties of pomegranate fruit. Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 13(3):693-706.
Fawole OA, Opara UL (2013). Changes in physical properties, chemical and elemental composition and antioxidant capacity of pomegranate (cv. Ruby) fruit at five maturity stages. Scientia Horticulturae 150:37-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2012.10.026
Gransee A, Führs H (2013). Magnesium mobility in soils as a challenge for soil and plant analysis, magnesium fertilization and root uptake under adverse growth conditions. Plant and Soil 368(1-2):5-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-012-1567-y
Hasani M, Zamani Z, Savaghebi G, Fatahi R (2012). Effects of zinc and manganese as foliar spray on pomegranate yield, fruit quality and leaf minerals. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 12(3):471-480. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-95162012005000009
Hepaksoy S, Aksoy U, Can H, Ui MA (2000). Determination of relationship between fruit cracking and some physiological responses, leaf characteristics and nutritional status of some pomegranate varieties. Options Mediterraneennes 92:87-92.
Holland D, Hatib K, Bar-ya I (2009). Pomegranate. Botany 35:127-192.
Karapetsi L, Pantelidis G, Pratsinakis ED, Drogoudi P, Madesis P (2021). Fruit quality traits and genotypic characterization in a pomegranate ex situ (Punica granatum l.) collection in Greece. Agriculture 11(6):1-22. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11060482
Khayyat M, Tehranifar A, Zaree M, Karimian Z (2012). Effects of potassium nitrate spraying on fruit characteristics of ‘malas yazdi’ pomegranate. Journal of Plant Nutrition 35(9):1387-1393. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2012.684130
Korkmaz N, Askin MA, Ercisli S, Okatan V (2016). Foliar application of calcium nitrate, boric acid and gibberellic acid affects yield and quality of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). Acta Scientiarum Polonorum-Hortorum Cultus15(3):105-112.
Lehninger AL (1991). Bioquímica. Ediciones Omega, S. A. pp 195-201.
Maity A, Babu KD, Sarkar A (2019). Guidelines for fertilizer use in pomegranate orchards based on seasonal uptake and partitioning of nutrients. Scientia Horticulturae 252:138-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.03.047
Maity A, Babu KD, Sarkar A, Pal RK (2017). Seasonality of nutrients vis-à-vis fruit quality of pomegranate cv. Bhagwa on vertisol. Journal of Plant Nutrition 40(9):1351-1363. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2016.1267750
Mancera López MM (2005). Caracterización nutricional y calidad de manzana ‘Red Delicious’ y ‘Golden Delicious’ de dos países productores. Tesis de maestría. Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua.
Mancera López MM, Soto-Parra DJM, Sánchez-Chávez DE, Yañez-Muñoz DRM, Montes-Domínguez DF, Balandrán Quintana RR (2018). Caracterización mineral de manzana ‘Red Delicious’ y ‘Golden Delicious’ de dos países productores. Tecnociencia Chihuahua 1(2):6-17. https://doi.org/10.54167/tecnociencia.v1i2.42
Marschner H (1995). Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. 2nd Edition. Academic Press Ltd. London.
Moreno PM (2010). El Granado. I Jornada Nacional Sobre El Granado: Producción, Economía, Industralización, Alimentación y Salud.
Navarro JM, Botella MÁ, Cerdá A, Martínez V (2000). Effect of salinity x calcium interaction on cation balance in melon plants grown under two regimes of orthophosphate. Journal of Plant Nutrition 23(7):991-1006. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904160009382076
Saei H, Sharifani MM, Dehghani A, Seifi E, Akbarpour V (2014). Description of biomechanical forces and physiological parameters of fruit cracking in pomegranate. Scientia Horticulturae 178:224-230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2014.09.005
Sánchez ChE, Soto PJM, Uvalle BX, Hernández RAP, Ruiz SJM, Romero ML (2001). Chemical treatments in “Golden Delicious” spur fruits in relation to russeting and nutritional status. Journal of Plant Nutrition 24(1):191-202.
Savita S, Krishnappa R, Ngangom B, Devi MT, Mishra G, Rawat D, Srivastava PC (2016). Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) approach on nutritional diagnosis in fruit crops – A review. Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8(4):2337-2345.
SIAP (2020). Servicio de Información Agroalimentaria y Pesquera. https://www.gob.mx/siap/prensa/atlas-agroalimentario-2020
Singh A, Burman U, Santra P, Morwal BR (2014). Fruit cracking of pomegranate and its relationship with temperature and plant water status in hot arid region of India. Journal Agrometeor 16:24-29.
Singh RP, Sharma YP, Awasthi RP (1993). Influence of different cultural practices on pre-mature fruit cracking of pomegranate. Progressive Horticulture 22(14):92-96.
Soto PJM, Hernández RAP, Uvalle-Bueno JX, Yánez MRM, Montes DF, Sánchez ChE, Romero ML (1999). Relación del Estado Nutricional y la Intensidad de la Mancha Amarga en Frutos de Manzano “Golden Delicious” en Postcosecha. Ars Pharmaceutica 40:241-245.
Soto PJM, Uvalle JX, Sánchez ChE, Yánez MRM, Montes DF (2003). Diagnóstico Diferencial Integrado: una herramienta para el uso racional de fertilizantes. Fruticultura Profesional 139(2):152-156.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Nubia G. TORRES-BELTRÁN, Rosa M. YÁÑEZ-MUÑOZ, Juan M. SOTO-PARRA, Linda C. NOPERI-MOSQUEDA

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
License:
Open Access Journal:
The journal allows the author(s) to retain publishing rights without restriction. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author.