Growth, Nutrient Uptake, and Foliar Gas Exchange in Pepper Cultured with Un-composted Fresh Spent Mushroom Residue

He ZHU; Shujie ZHAO; Jingmin YANG; Lingquan MENG; Yunqing LUO; Bo HONG; Wei CUI; Minghui WANG; Wencong LIU

doi:10.15835/nbha47111307

Authors

He ZHU Jilin Agricultural University, College of Resources and Environment, Changchun 130118 (CN)
Shujie ZHAO Jilin Agricultural University, College of Resources and Environment, Changchun 130118 (CN)
Jingmin YANG Jilin Agricultural University, College of Resources and Environment, Changchun 130118 (CN)
Lingquan MENG Jilin Agricultural University, College of Resources and Environment, Changchun 130118 (CN)
Yunqing LUO Jilin Agricultural University, College of Resources and Environment, Changchun 130118 (CN)
Bo HONG Jilin Agricultural University, College of Resources and Environment, Changchun 130118 (CN)
Wei CUI Jilin Agricultural University, College of Resources and Environment, Changchun 130118 (CN)
Minghui WANG Jilin Agricultural University, College of Resources and Environment, Changchun 130118 (CN)
Wencong LIU Jilin Agricultural University, College of Resources and Environment, Changchun 130118 (CN)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha47111307

Keywords:

nutrient utilization, solid waste, spent mushroom residue, un-compost, weathered material

Abstract

Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) can be used as the component of growing medium for the culture of crop plants. Fresh SMS may have the potential as an alternative to peat to raise horticultural plants. In this study, five container media characterized by the proportions of SMS to commercial peat in 0% (control), 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% were used to raise pepper (Capsicum annum L.) plants. Initial SMS was found to have low available nitrogen (N) content (<20 mg kg^-1) but moderate extractable phosphorus (P) content (900 mg kg^-1). In the second month photosynthetic rate was found to decline in the 75% treatment. At harvest in the third month, plants in the 100% treatment nearly died out. The 25% treatment resulted in the highest height (19 cm) and diameter growth (0.3 cm), shoot (0.6 g) and root biomass accumulation (0.13 g), fruit weight (3 g), and shoot carbohydrate content (98 mg g^-1), but lowest foliar acid phosphatase activity (30 µg NPP g^-1 FW min^-1). With the increase of SMS proportion in the substrate, the medium pH and electrical conductance (EC) increased with the decrease of foliar size. The available N and P contents in the substrates showed contrasting relationship with N and P contents in pepper plants. Therefore, fresh SMS cannot be directly used as the substrate for the culture of pepper plants. According to our findings fresh SMS was recommended to be mixed in the proportion of 25% with commercial peat for the culture of horticultural plants.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Author Biography

Yunqing LUO, Jilin Agricultural University, College of Resources and Environment, Changchun 130118

References

Ahlawat OP, Sagar MP, Raj D, Rani CI, Gupta P, Vijay B (2007). Effect of spent mushroom substrate on yield and quality of capsicum. Indian Journal of Horticulture 64(4):430-434.

Bustamante MA, Paredes C, Moral R, Agulló E, Pérez-Murcia MD, Abad M (2008). Composts from distillery wastes as peat substitutes for transplant production. Resources Conservation and Recycling 52(5):792-799.

Chen JT, Lin MJ, Huang JW (2015). Efficacy of spent blewit mushroom compost and Bacillus aryabhattai combination on control of Pythium damping-off in cucumber. Journal of Agricultural Science 153:1257-1266.

Chong C, Cline RA, Rinker DL (1994). Bark- and peat-amended spent mushroom compost for containerized culture of shrubs. HortScience 29(7):781-784.

Curtin JS, Mullen GJ (2007). Physical properties of some intensively cultivated soils of Ireland amended with spent mushroom compost. Land Degradation and Development 18(4):355-368.

Eudoxie G, Martin M, Mohammed M (2014). Substrate evaluation on postharvest quality of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuumm L.) fruit under gravity fed fertigation. Acta Horticulturae 1047:87-92.

FAO (2016). FAOSTAT. Accessed on 3 January 2018. Available at: http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/?#data/QC.

Gonani Z, Riahi H, Sharifi K (2011). Impact of using leached spent mushroom compost as a partial growing media for horticultural plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition 34(3):337-344.

Guo P, Jin H, Wei HX, Li LL, Bao YJ (2016). Fine root growth and water use efficiency in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. Gongnong No.1) planted along a salinity gradient in coastal area of Dalian, Northeast China. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 62(2):164-172.

Kadiri M, Mustapha Y (2010). The use of spent mushroom substrate of Lentinus subnudus (Berke) as a soil conditioner for vegetables. Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 3:16-19.

Kandemir D, Peksen A, Ozer H, Uzun S (2009). The effect of spent mushroom compost with some other transplant production media on seedling quality of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) and Kale (Brassica acephala L.). Acta Horticulturae 830:377-384.

Kato K, Matsushima U, Muto Y, Tatsuzawa F, Okada M (2013). Effects of application of spent Shiitake substrates in farmlands damaged by the great East Japan earthquake on soil conditions and sweet corn growth and Yield. Horticulture Journal 12:381-387.

Khan MM, Khan MA, Abbas M, Jaskani MJ, Ali MA, Abbas H (2006). Evaluation of potting media for the production of rough lemon nursery stock. Pakistan Journal of Botany 38(3):623-629.

Kwack Y, Song JH, Shinohara Y, Maruo T, Chun C (2012). Comparison of six spent mushroom composts as growing media for transplant production of lettuce. Compost Science and Utilization 20(2):92-96.

Li XW, Gao Y, Wei HX, Xia HT, Chen QX (2017). Growth, biomass accumulation and foliar nutrient status in fragrant rosewood (Dalbergia odorifera T.C. Chen) seedlings cultured with conventional and exponential fertilizations under different photoperiod regimes. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 63(2):153-162.

Marín F, Diánez F, Santos M, Carretero F, Gea FJ, Castaneda C, Navarro MJ, Yau JA (2014). Control of Phytophthora capsici and Phytophthora parasitica on pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) with compost teas from different sources, and their effects on plant growth promotion. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 53(2):216-228.

Medina E, Paredes C, Pérez-Murcia MD, Bustamante MA, Moral R (2009). Spent mushroom substrates as component of growing media for germination and growth of horticultural plants. Bioresource Technology 100:4227-4232.

Nakatsuka H, Oda M, Hayashi Y, Tamura K (2016). Effects of fresh spent mushroom substrate of Pleurotus ostreatus on soil micromorphology in Brazil. Geoderma 269:54-60.

Nguyen VT, Wang CH (2016). Effects of organic materials on growth, yield, and fruit quality of honeydew melon. Communication in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 47(4):495-504.

Paredes C, Medina E, Bustamante MA, Moral R (2016). Effects of spent mushroom substrates and inorganic fertilizer on the characteristics of a calcareous clayey-loam soil and lettuce production. Soil Use and Management 32(4):487-494.

Paula FS, Tatti E, Abram F, Wilson J, O’Flaherty V (2017). Stabilisation of spent mushroom substrate for application as a plant growth-promoting organic amendment. Journal of Environment Management 196:476-486.

Peregrina F, Larrieta C, Colina M, Mariscal-Sancho I, Martín I, Martínez-Vidaurre JM, García-Escudero E (2012). Spent mushroom substrates influence soil quality and nitrogen availability in a semiarid vineyard soil. Soil Science Society of America Journal 76(5):1655-1666.

Rhoads FM, Olson SM (1995). Crop production with mushroom compost. Soil and Crop Science Society of Florida Proceeding 54:53-57.

Ribeiro HM, Romero AM, Pereira H, Borges P, Cabral F, Vasconcelos E (2007). Evaluation of a compost obtained from forestry wastes and solid phase of pig slurry as a substrate for seedlings production. Bioresource Technology 98:3294-3297.

Segarra G, Casanova E, Borrero C, Avilés M, Trillas I (2007). The suppressive effects of composts used as growth media against Botrytis cinerea in cucumber plants. European Journal of Plant Pathology 117(4):393-402.

Semple KT, Reid BJ, Fermor TR (2001). Impact of composting strategies on the treatment of soils contaminated with organic pollutants. Environmental Pollution 112(2):269-283.

Soccol CR, Vandenberghe LPS (2008). Overview of applied solid-state fermentation in Brazil. Biochemical Engineering Journal 13(2):205-218.

Sönmez I, Kalkan H, Demir H (2016). Effects of spent mushroom compost on seedling quality and nutrient contents of eggplants (Solanum melongena) grown in different growing media. Acta Horticulturae 1142:403-408.

Stewart DPC, Cameron KC, Cornforth IS, Sedcole JR (1998). Effect of spent mushroom substrate on soil physical conditions and plant growth in an intensive horticultural system. Australian Journal of Soil Research 36(6):899-9212.

Szmidt RAK, Chong C (1995). Uniformity of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) and factors in applying recommendations for use. Compost Science and Utilization 3(1):64-71.

Tam NV, Wang CH (2015). Use of spent mushroom substrate and manure compost for honeydew melon seedlings. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 34(2):417-424.

Unal M (2015). The utilization of spent mushroom compost applied at different rates in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedling production. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture 27(9):692-697.

Wang Z, Zhao Y, Wei HX (2017). Chitosan oligosaccharide addition affects current-year shoot of post-transplant Buddhist pine (Podocarpus macrophyllus) seedlings under contrasting photoperiods. iForest – Biogeosciences and Forestry 10:715-721.

Wei HX, Ren J, Zhou JH (2013). Effect of exponential fertilization on growth and nutritional status in Buddhist pine (Podocarpus macrophyllus [Thunb.] D. Don) seedlings cultured in natural and prolonged photoperiods. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 59:933-941.

Wei HX, Xu CY, Ma LY, Duan J, Jiang LN, Ren J (2014). Effect of late-season fertilization on nutrient reserves and carbohydrate accumulation in bareroot Larix olgensis seedlings. Journal of Plant Nutrition 37:279-293.

Wuest PJ, Fahy HK, Fahy J (1995). Use of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) for corn (Maize) production and its effect on surface water quality. Compost Science and Utilization 3(1):46-54.

Zhang RH, Duan ZQ, Li ZQ (2012). Use of spent mushroom substrate as growing media for tomato and cucumber seedlings. Pedosphere 22(3):333-342.

Zhang JH, Tian GM, Zhou GD, He MM, Wang F, Yao JH (2013). Evaluation of organic solid wastes composts as peat substitutes for seedling production. Journal of Plant Nutrition 36:1780-1794.

Zhao Y, Wang Z, Wei HX, Bao YJ, Guo P (2017). Effect of prolonged photoperiod on morphology, biomass accumulation and nutrient utilization in post-transplant Taxus cuspidata seedlings. Pakistan Journal of Botany 49(4):1285-1290.

Zhu KY, Liu HC, Wei HX, Zhou JH, Zou QC, Ma GY, Zhang JQ (2016). Prediction of nutrient leaching from culture of containerized Buddhist pine and Japanese maple seedlings exposed to extended photoperiod. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 18:425-434.